Disputes were characterized by intense verbal ( 言語上的) aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers.

The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon.

But their results also indicated films and TV shows with women or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director, producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers.

Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational.

Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question.

Respondents' minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy.

Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news.

They tended to be more adaptable.

Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly tended to live shorter lives.

The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.

Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before hitting a plateau and then slackening off.